East African Journal of Research and Innovation
The East African Journal of Research and Innovation (EAJRI) is an international, peer-reviewed, open-access journal that publishes high-quality interdisciplinary research with a strong focus on innovation and real-world impact. Established in 2025, the journal provides a platform for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers to share cutting-edge knowledge across health sciences, technology, social sciences, business, environment, education, and governance. EAJRI operates under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license, ensuring that all articles are freely accessible and reusable with proper citation. All submissions undergo rigorous double-blind peer review to maintain the highest standards of academic integrity. The journal is committed to long-term preservation of published content through LOCKSS and CLOCKSS archiving systems and encourages authors to deposit works in institutional repositories. By fostering open knowledge exchange, EAJRI advances research visibility from Africa to the world.
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Perspectives of cancer patients and palliative care health professionals regarding the content and user preferences for a text message-based intervention in palliative care in Western Uganda:
Introduction: This study explores the perspectives of cancer patients and palliative care health professionals regarding the design of a text message-based intervention in Western Uganda. Recognizing the critical role of palliative care in improving quality of life amidst resource constraints, the research investigates user preferences for message content, format, tone, frequency, language, and additional features. Objective: To examine the perspectives of cancer patients and health professionals about the use reminder text-message-based intervention in a palliative care setting in Western Uganda. Methodology: Employing a qualitative, phenomenological approach, focus group discussions with patients and healthcare providers at Mobile Hospice Mbarara and Little Hospice Hoima elicited nuanced insights aligned with the Health Belief Model. Results: Key findings highlight the importance of personalized, culturally sensitive messages that encompass medication adherence guidance, appointment reminders, emotional support, and health education. Participants favored concise, clear language with a caring tone, delivered weekly during mid-morning hours, and in local languages like Runyankore and English. Emphasis was placed on including warning signs, motivational content, and a contact mechanism for feedback. Both patients and professionals underscored the need for messages to foster trust, self-efficacy, and active health management. Integrating these preferences can enhance engagement, adherence, and psychosocial well-being among patients. Conclusion: The findings provide practical guidance for developing culturally appropriate mHealth interventions such as reminder text messages tailored to resource-limited settings, ultimately aiming to improve palliative care delivery and patient outcomes in Western Uganda. Recommendation: Further research should assess the effect and effectiveness of reminder text messages on the quality of life of cancer patients receiving palliative care in Western Uganda.
Copyright (c) 2026 John Bosco Ndinawe, Settings Jerome Kabakyenga, Edgar Mugema Mulogo, Elizabeth Namukwaya, Francescah Nagujja (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Motivational factors and teacher retention in private primary schools in Juba County, South Sudan. Cross-sectional study.
Background: Teacher retention remains a major challenge in private primary schools in Juba County, South Sudan, affecting the quality and continuity of education. Motivational factors such as working conditions, remuneration and benefits, and progression opportunities play an important role in influencing teachers' decisions to remain in their jobs. This study examined the effect of motivational factors on teacher retention in private primary schools in Juba County. Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive research design and targeted teachers in private primary schools under the South Sudan Private Schools Association. A quota sampling technique was used to select 127 respondents comprising executive head teachers, head teachers, deputy head teachers, and classroom teachers. Primary data were collected using structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 24.0 through descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and simple linear regression. Results: The findings revealed that working conditions had a statistically significant positive effect on teacher retention, explaining 38.1% of the variation in retention (R² = .381, t = 6.750, p < .05). Remuneration and benefits also significantly influenced retention, accounting for 33.6% of the variation in teacher retention (R² = .336, t = 7.711, p < .05). Progression opportunities demonstrated a significant positive effect, explaining 17.6% of the variation in retention (R² = .176, t = 5.409, p < .05). Correlation analysis showed moderate positive relationships between all motivational factors and teacher retention. Conclusion: The study concluded that favorable working conditions, competitive remuneration and benefits, and adequate progression opportunities significantly enhance teacher retention in private primary schools in Juba County. Among these factors, working conditions and remuneration exerted the strongest influence. Recommendations: Private primary schools should improve working environments through better infrastructure and resources, adopt participatory leadership practices, establish reward and recognition systems, and promote professional development through training, workshops, and research opportunities to strengthen teacher retention.
Copyright (c) 2026 Alier Peter Goch Wuoi, Richard Semanda (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Board size and financial performance of the Cooperative Bank in South Sudan. A cross-sectional study.
Background: The study aimed to examine the relationship between board size and the financial performance of the Cooperative Bank in South Sudan. Methodology: This study employed a correlational research design using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Data were collected from 59 respondents selected from a population of 70 Cooperative Bank employees through purposive and simple random sampling. Questionnaires, interviews, and documentary reviews were used to gather data. Instrument validity was assessed using the Content Validity Index (CVI), while reliability was tested using Cronbach’s alpha. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 19, applying descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analyses to examine relationships between variables. Results: A total of 59 out of 59 questionnaires were returned, giving a response rate of 100%. Most respondents were male (72.8%), while females constituted 27.2%. The largest age group was 40–49 years (33.8%), followed by 30–39 years (30.5%). Respondents agreed that board size contributes to firm value (M=4.19, SD=0.73), board members understand their responsibilities (M=4.10, SD=1.02), and limiting board size improves performance (M=4.06, SD=0.90). Regular board meetings were perceived as inadequate (M=2.19, SD=1.61). Key themes identified were optimal board size, board effectiveness, decision-making efficiency, governance costs, and meeting frequency. Financial performance was associated with regular board meetings (M=3.61, SD=0.89) and board diversity (M=4.00, SD=0.83). Board size showed a significant positive relationship with ROA (r=0.582, p<0.01) and ROE (r=0.541, p<0.01), and a significant negative relationship with NPL ratio (r=-0.497, p<0.01). Board size significantly predicted financial performance (β=0.582, p<0.001), explaining 33.9% of the variation in ROA. Conclusion: Board structure without board process yields no realized value. Recommendation: The Management of Cooperative Bank should conduct quarterly governance sessions for employees to improve their understanding of board decisions and performance alignment.
Copyright (c) 2026 Simon Carlo Sebit, Fred Kisule (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Knowledge and skills of health care workers on utilization of personal protective equipment in Juba Teaching Hospital. A cross-sectional study.
Background: Personal protective equipment (PPE) is an essential component of infection prevention and control, protecting healthcare workers (HCWs) and patients from healthcare-associated infections. This study assessed the relationship between knowledge and skills and the utilization of PPE among healthcare workers at Juba Teaching Hospital (JTH), South Sudan. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 106 HCWs at JTH, representing a 71% response rate from the target population of 149. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire measuring knowledge & skills, and self-reported PPE utilization on 5-point Likert scales. Qualitative data from key informant interviews and documentary review triangulated findings. Pearson correlations and multiple regression analyses were performed to determine relationships and predictors of PPE utilization. Results: The respondents comprised 54% males. Most participants were aged 25–40 years (89%), while 33% had 2–4 years of work experience. The highest-rated knowledge item was that PPE should be used when there is a risk of exposure to body fluids (Mean = 4.79 ± 0.93), whereas uncertainty regarding PPE effectiveness as a barrier to infection (Mean = 2.89 ± 1.54) indicated important knowledge gaps. Knowledge and skills showed a significant moderate positive relationship with PPE utilization (r = 0.421, p < 0.001). Simple linear regression further revealed that knowledge and skills significantly predicted PPE utilization (β = 0.421, p < 0.001), explaining 16.9% of the variation in PPE utilization. Conclusion: Healthcare workers at JTH possessed moderate knowledge of PPE; however, misconceptions regarding PPE effectiveness and inconsistent safe practices limited optimal utilization. Recommendations: Juba Teaching Hospital should institute regular competency-based PPE training, strengthen continuous professional education on infection prevention, and ensure uninterrupted availability of quality PPE.
Copyright (c) 2026 Isaac Kuol Aja Nyok, DR. Mubiru (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Human Resource Management Functions and employee performance in the banking sector in south Sudan. A case study of Ecobank South Sudan Ltd.
Background: This study examined the relationship between human resource management (HRM) functions and employee performance at Ecobank South Sudan Ltd. Methodology: A correlational research design was adopted using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Data were collected from 73 respondents selected from a target population of 89 employees through purposive and simple random sampling techniques. Questionnaires and interview guides were used as the main data collection instruments. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and regression analysis, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. Results: The findings revealed a significant positive relationship between recruitment and employee performance (r = 0.685, p < 0.05), with recruitment explaining 46.9% of the variation in employee performance. Training was also positively associated with employee performance (r = 0.558, p < 0.05), accounting for 31.1% of the variation in performance. Similarly, talent management demonstrated a strong positive relationship with employee performance (r = 0.621, p < 0.05), explaining 38.5% of the variation in employee performance. The study further established that effective recruitment practices, relevant employee training, and robust talent management strategies contribute significantly to improved employee productivity, innovation, and organizational effectiveness. Conclusion: The study concluded that HRM functions are critical determinants of employee performance at Ecobank South Sudan. Strengthening recruitment systems, aligning training programs with employee needs, and improving talent identification and retention mechanisms are essential for enhancing organizational performance. Recommendation: The study recommends that Ecobank South Sudan strengthen its employer branding to attract top talent, conduct regular training needs assessments to improve the relevance of training programs, and develop comprehensive talent management and succession planning frameworks to retain high-performing employees and sustain organizational growth.
Copyright (c) 2026 Bosco Kilama Marino (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Risk identification and financial performance of telecommunication companies in South Sudan. A cross-sectional study.
Background: Risk identification is a fundamental component of enterprise risk management that enables organizations to recognize potential threats and opportunities that may affect the achievement of their objectives. This study examined the relationship between risk identification and financial performance at Digitel South Sudan Ltd. Methodology: The study adopted a cross-sectional correlational research design using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. A sample of 108 respondents was selected from a target population of 150 employees using simple random and purposive sampling techniques. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, key informant interviews, observation checklists, and document review. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and simple linear regression in SPSS Version 23, while qualitative data were analyzed through thematic content analysis. Results: The majority of respondents were male (64.4%), aged 30–39 years (43.3%), and held Bachelor's degrees (56.7%). Respondents generally agreed that Digitel had effective risk identification practices, with an overall mean score of 3.95. Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant positive relationships between risk identification and Return on Assets (r = 0.612, p < 0.001), Net Profit Margin (r = 0.584, p < 0.001), and Liquidity Ratio (r = 0.497, p < 0.001). Regression analysis showed that risk identification significantly predicted financial performance (β = 0.657, p < 0.001), explaining 39.4% of the variation in financial performance (R² = 0.394). Conclusion: Risk identification has a strong positive and statistically significant effect on the financial performance of Digitel South Sudan. Effective identification of operational, financial, and regulatory risks enhances profitability, liquidity, and overall financial stability. Recommendation: Digitel should strengthen and institutionalize continuous risk identification systems through automated monitoring tools, regular risk assessments, and enhanced management involvement to improve financial performance and organizational resilience.
Copyright (c) 2026 John Ladu Alphonse, Richard Semanda Jr. (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Financial reporting and performance of small and medium-sized enterprises in Rubaga division, Kampala, Uganda. A cross-sectional study.
Background: Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a critical role in economic growth, employment creation, and poverty reduction in Uganda. This study, therefore, examined the relationship between financial reporting and the performance of SMEs in Rubaga Division, Kampala, Uganda. Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive correlational cross-sectional design using mixed methods. A sample of 169 SMEs was selected using stratified and simple random sampling techniques, while 18 key informants were purposively selected for interviews. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and interview guides. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS Version 23 through descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and regression analysis, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. Results: Out of 169 questionnaires distributed, 160 were returned, representing a response rate of 94.7%. Findings revealed that financial reporting practices among SMEs were relatively strong, with an overall mean of 3.64 (SD=0.76). Accuracy of financial records scored highly (Mean=3.89), while utilization of financial statements for decision-making was comparatively low (Mean=3.28). SME financial performance was moderate, with sales growth recording the highest mean (3.61), followed by liquidity (3.52) and profitability (3.44). Correlation analysis established a significant positive relationship between financial reporting and profitability (r=0.521, p<0.01), sales growth (r=0.485, p<0.01), and liquidity (r=0.459, p<0.01). SMEs maintaining formal financial records also demonstrated superior gross profit margins (42.5%) compared to non-record SMEs (18.3%). Conclusion: The study established that effective financial reporting significantly improves SME financial performance, although many enterprises underutilize financial information for strategic decision-making. Recommendation: SME owners should strengthen the use of financial statements in forecasting, budgeting, and performance analysis through regular financial review practices and targeted financial management training programs.
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)
Copyright (c) 2026 Ronah Tumwijeho, Dr . Patience Tugume (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Workload pressure and employee performance at the Customs Revenue Division, Nimule Station, South Sudan. A cross-sectional study.
Background: The scholarly interest in job stress and its link to employee performance dates back several decades and has evolved considerably across industrialised nations. The study aims to establish the relationship between workload pressure and employee performance at the Customs Revenue Division, Nimule Station, South Sudan. Methodology: This study adopted a correlational survey design, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The study population comprised all 137 employees of the Customs Revenue Division stationed at Nimule, South Sudan. This population includes customs officers responsible for daily cargo clearance. Quantitative data obtained from the questionnaires were coded, cleaned, and entered into the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS Version 26) for analysis. Results: High mean scores on handling large volumes of work daily (Mean = 4.24, SD = 0.900), heavy workload within limited time (Mean = 4.42, SD = 0.845), and working extra hours (Mean = 4.45, SD = 0.847) indicate that employees strongly experience excessive job demands. The high mean scores on physical exhaustion (Mean = 4.22, SD = 0.976) and mental stress (Mean = 4.56, SD = 0.695) suggest that workload pressure negatively affects employees’ physical well-being, mental health, and efficiency. Low ratings for meeting work standards (M = 2.28) and meeting daily work targets (M = 2.47) further indicate performance gaps in productivity and efficiency. Workload pressure has a weak negative relationship with employee performance (r = -0.130, p = 0.258). 77% were male, while 23% were female Conclusion: Workload pressure is a key driver of job stress and negatively affects employee performance by reducing efficiency and increasing operational delays. Recommendations: The Customs Revenue Division should recruit additional staff and improve workload distribution to reduce excessive pressure on employees. Automation of customs processes should also be strengthened to enhance efficiency.
Copyright (c) 2026 John Apoi Dhukpiu Apoi, Dr. Sarah Kyaloba (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Risk assessment and loan performance of KCB Bank, South Sudan: A cross-sectional study.
Background: Currently, banks have witnessed rising non-performing credit portfolios, which have significantly contributed to financial distress in the banking sector. The study aims to establish the relationship between risk assessment and loan performance of KCB Bank, South Sudan. Methodology: The study employed the descriptive correlation cross-sectional research design, and this design involved the A collection of data at one point in time is a random sample representing some given population at that time. Demographic characteristics were analyzed using frequencies and percentages in frequency tables. Data were analysed using SPSS version 22 to generate descriptive statistics of means and standard deviations. Results: The majority age category was 48-57, with 30 (39% of the respondents). The 38-47 category had 28% of respondents recorded, the 18-27 category had the 25% of the respondents, the 28-37 category had 7% of the respondents, while 58+ had 1% of the respondents. There exists a significant relationship between the Risk Assessment and Loan Performance in KCB Bank South Sudan (sig = 0.002). The sig value was small enough and below the 0.05 level of significance. Findings indicated that Risk Assessment did significantly correlate with loan performance constructs. The null hypothesis was rejected while the alternative was accepted because the corresponding p-value (sig=0.002) was small enough and below the 0.005 level of significance. Conclusions: Risk analysis is fundamental in enhancing Loan performance. The study concludes that effective client training is necessary for Loan performance, indicating that utmost work performance is fundamental for loan portfolio response. Recommendations: The management needs to provide a sound internal mechanism through control of expenditures to attain a financially stable business.
Copyright (c) 2026 Maduok Thiep Geng Aduong, Dr. Ssendagi Mohammad, Edmand Bakashaba (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Affective commitment and employee performance in Kagadi District Local Government headquarters. A cross-sectional study.
Background: The study aimed to examine the relationship between affective commitment and employee performance in Kagadi District Local Government Headquarters. Methodology: The study employed descriptive and correlational research designs using a mixed-methods approach. A target population of 460 employees of Kagadi District Local Government was considered, from which 210 respondents were selected using Krejcie and Morgan’s table. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were applied. Data were collected using questionnaires and interviews. Validity and reliability were confirmed using CVI (0.86) and Cronbach’s alpha (0.84). Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 23, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. Ethical considerations were observed throughout the study. Results: A total of 200 out of 210 respondents participated in the study, giving a response rate of 95.2%. Males constituted 60%, while females were 40%. Most respondents were married (55%), followed by single respondents (35%), widowed (7.5%), and divorced (2.5%). Employees demonstrated low affective commitment, with mean scores ranging from 2.35 to 2.50, indicating weak emotional attachment, low loyalty, and limited enthusiasm toward the organization. Employee performance was also low, with mean scores between 2.35 and 2.45 across indicators of work quality, punctuality, responsiveness, goal achievement, and professionalism. Key themes included low motivation, weak supervision, inadequate resources, poor teamwork, limited training opportunities, and weak accountability systems. Affective commitment had a moderate positive and statistically significant relationship with employee performance (r = 0.578, p < 0.01) Conclusion: Affective commitment positively influences employee performance. Recommendation: Kagadi District Local Government should implement initiatives that strengthen employees’ emotional attachment to the organization through team-building activities, regular feedback sessions, and recognition of outstanding performance.
Policy, Governance, and Sustainable Development
Copyright (c) 2026 Andrew Koolya, Evelyn Hope Kyokunda (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
District inspection visits and teacher performance in public primary schools in Nyakishenyi Sub-County, Rukungiri District. A cross-sectional study.
Background: The performance of teachers in public primary schools within rural areas has historically been shaped by a complex interplay of structural, policy, and socio-cultural factors. The study aims to examine the relationship between district inspection visits and teacher performance in public primary schools in Nyakishenyi Sub-County, Rukungiri District. Methodology: The study will be guided by a descriptive, cross-sectional, and correlational survey design. The Quantitative data were obtained from the questionnaires administered to teachers and the School Committee Management (SCM) members. This data was coded, entered, and analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version. Results: The majority of respondents were male, 54% (54), and females accounted for 46% (46). The results show that a large proportion of respondents agreed that district education inspectors regularly visited schools throughout the academic year (Mean = 4.16). Similarly, respondents agreed that the frequency of inspection visits per term was adequate (Mean = 4.06) and that inspections were conducted consistently as scheduled (Mean = 4.07). Comparatively lower mean scores were observed regarding follow-up visits after initial inspections (Mean = 3.94) and the prevalence of unannounced inspection visits (Mean = 3.80). Inspection visits were effectively implemented and played a significant role in improving school performance, as supported by the agreement that such visits led to meaningful improvements in school performance (Mean = 4.09). The findings show that district inspection visits had a strong positive relationship with teacher performance (r = 0.734, p < 0.01). Conclusions: District inspection visits have a positive and significant influence on teacher performance in public primary schools in Nyakishenyi Sub-County. Regular inspection visits contribute to improved lesson planning, classroom management, and teacher accountability. Recommendations: The Ministry of Education and District Education Offices should increase the frequency and consistency of district inspection visits to public primary schools.
Copyright (c) 2026 Alicestidia Ensiyareta, Dr. Muhammad Ssendagi, Edmand Kabashaba (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Educational attainment and women’s access to leadership positions in the South Sudan Revenue Authority. A cross-sectional study.
Background The study aimed to examine the effect of educational attainment on women’s access to leadership positions in the South Sudan Revenue Authority. Methodology The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design using mixed methods. A sample of 186 respondents was selected from 350 SSRA employees through purposive and simple random sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires, interviews, and documentary review. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 to generate descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analysis, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. Validity was confirmed using the Content Validity Index, and reliability through Cronbach’s Alpha coefficients above 0.7. Ethical principles, including confidentiality and informed consent, were observed. Results An overall response rate of 86% was achieved. Most respondents were male (65.0%), while females constituted 35.0%. The majority were aged 36–45 years (52.5%), followed by 26–35 years (20.0%), 46–55 years (18.8%), 18–25 years (6.3%), and 56 years and above (2.5%). Respondents agreed that lack of advanced qualifications limits women’s promotion prospects (M=3.55), while higher education increases women’s competitiveness for leadership positions (M=3.35). Low mean scores on study leave, scholarships, and professional training reflected inadequate institutional support for women’s advancement. Leadership positions remained male-dominated, with low agreement on women’s representation in senior management (M=1.89), transparent recruitment practices (M=1.80), and women’s participation in strategic decision-making (M=2.03). Themes identified included educational barriers, gender inequality in promotion, limited institutional support, and low participation of women in decision-making. Educational attainment positively influenced women’s access to leadership positions (r=0.582, p<0.01). Conclusion Educational attainment plays a significant role in enhancing women’s access to leadership positions at SSRA. Recommendation SSRA should strengthen policies that support women’s access to higher education and professional development programs.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kiir Noui Maror Abiem, Evelyn Hope Kyokunda (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Teachers’ perceptions and integration of information, communication, and technology tools in lesson delivery among selected secondary Schools in Busiki County, Namutumba District. A cross-sectional study.
Background: This study examined the relationship between teachers’ perceptions and the integration of Information Communication and Technology (ICT) tools in lesson delivery among selected secondary schools in Busiki County, Namutumba District, Uganda. Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional survey design with a correlational approach using mixed methods. Data were collected from a sample of 60 respondents comprising 54 teachers selected through simple random sampling and 6 head teachers selected purposively from six secondary schools in Busiki County. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0 through descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and regression analysis, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. Results: Findings revealed a high response rate of 92.6% among teachers and 100% among head teachers. Male respondents constituted 54%. Most teachers (50%) had teaching experience ranging from 6 to 10 years. Results showed that teachers generally held positive perceptions toward ICT integration, with 58% strongly agreeing that ICT improves teaching effectiveness and 50% indicating that ICT enhances student engagement. A strong, positive, significant relationship was established between teachers’ perceptions and ICT integration in lesson delivery (r = 0.652, p = 0.000). Regression results further indicated that teachers’ perceptions significantly predicted ICT integration (β = 0.52, p = 0.000). Conclusion: The study indicates that positive teachers’ perceptions significantly enhance ICT integration in lesson delivery. Recommendation: Schools should carry out regular ICT training, teacher mentorship programs, and improved institutional support to strengthen teachers’ confidence, attitudes, and effective use of ICT in teaching and learning processes.
Engineering, ICT, and Emerging Technologies
Information Communication Technology (ICT)
Copyright (c) 2026 Zaidi Kiirya, Dr. Patience Tugume, Edmand Bakashaba (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Decentralized legislation and secondary education service delivery in Busoba Sub-County. A cross-sectional study.
Background The study aimed to examine the relationship between decentralized legislation and secondary education service delivery in Busoba Sub-County. Methodology The study used a descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional design with mixed methods. From 700 respondents, a sample of 248 was selected using purposive, stratified, and convenience sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires, interviews, and document review. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 27 with descriptive and correlation statistics, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. Instruments were validated through expert review and a CVI of 0.9, and reliability was confirmed using Cronbach’s alpha of 0.8. Ethical procedures ensured consent, confidentiality, and voluntary participation. Results Response rate was 88.7%, showing strong participation, with full response from head teachers, DEO, and LC III officials, while inspectors and planners had lower participation due to workload. Respondents were mainly male (60%) and below 18 years (72.3%), indicating dominance of students in the sample. Decentralized legislation generally received positive ratings with mean scores above 3.50, showing agreement that it clarifies roles (M=3.92), improves accountability (M=3.67), supports school governance (M=3.85), and enhances decision-making (M=3.71). Weak enforcement of laws scored the highest concern (M=4.12), followed by political interference (M=3.88) and limited community awareness (M=3.28). Service delivery indicators showed moderate improvement, including school availability (M=4.22), teacher attendance (M=3.76), management coordination (M=3.84), and student discipline (M=3.71), while infrastructure (M=3.47) and learning materials (M=3.41) remained inadequate. Themes highlighted improved governance, accountability, access, coordination, weak enforcement, funding constraints, and limited stakeholder awareness. Correlation results showed a significant positive relationship between decentralized legislation and secondary education service delivery (r=0.611, p<0.01), Conclusion Decentralized legislation had a positive and statistically significant relationship with secondary education service delivery. Recommendation Local governments and education authorities should strengthen the enforcement of education laws and bylaws to ensure effective implementation at the school level.
Copyright (c) 2026 Issa Masambu, Benard Nuwatuhaire, Edmand Bakashaba (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Job security and employee performance in the Greater Pibor Administrative Area (GPAA). A cross-sectional study.
Background The study aimed to assess the relationship between job security and employee performance in the Greater Pibor Administrative Area (GPAA). Methodology Study a descriptive mixed-methods design to assess relationships between working conditions and employee performance in the Greater Pibor Administrative Area. The population was 140 employees, and the sample size was 104, determined using the Yamane formula. Purposive and simple random sampling were used. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, and documentary review. Instruments included questionnaires and interview checklists. Data analysis used SPSS descriptive and inferential statistics, including Pearson correlation. Validity and reliability were tested using CVI and Cronbach’s alpha. Ethical procedures ensured confidentiality, voluntary participation, and approval. Results A response rate of 96.2% (100/104) was achieved. Respondents were male 68 (68%) and female 32 (32%). Education level included Bachelor’s degree 36 (36%), Diploma 34 (34%), Secondary certificate 22 (22%), and Postgraduate 8 (8%). Departmental distribution showed Administration 32 (32%), Operations 28 (28%), Programs 26 (26%), and Leadership 6 (6%), indicating representation across key units. Job security recorded low mean scores ranging from M=2.23–2.44, reflecting weak stability (M=2.33), unclear policies (M=2.23), and limited promotion clarity (M=2.36). Employee performance ranged from M=2.36–3.44, with delays strongly affecting output (M=3.44) and low service delivery efficiency (M=2.42). Themes highlighted job insecurity, weak policy enforcement, poor communication, and limited career progression, contributing to reduced motivation and uneven performance across departments. A moderate positive correlation existed between job security and performance (r=0.59, p<0.01). Conclusion Job security in GPAA was relatively weak, with employees experiencing uncertainty regarding employment continuity, unclear promotion systems, and inadequate communication on job stability. Recommendation GPAA should strengthen job security mechanisms to improve employee motivation and performance.
Copyright (c) 2026 David Gayen Logirangole, Hope Evelyn Kyounda (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Salary structure and employee performance in public health facilities in Rwampara District. A cross-sectional study.
Background The study aimed to investigate the relationship between salary structure and employee performance in public health facilities in Rwampara District. Methodology The study employed a descriptive, correlational, and cross-sectional mixed-methods design to examine the relationship between remuneration and employee performance in public health facilities in Rwampara District. A sample of 113 respondents was selected from 160 health workers using purposive and stratified sampling techniques. Data were collected using questionnaires, interviews, and documentary review guides. Reliability and validity were confirmed using Cronbach’s alpha (0.8) and Content Validity Index (0.85). Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS, Pearson correlation, and regression, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. Results The study achieved a response rate of 88.5% with 100 out of 113 respondents participating. Males constituted 52%, while females were 48%. Most respondents were aged 26–35 years (34%) and 36–45 years (29%). Regarding education, the majority held diplomas (44%), followed by bachelor’s degrees (30%) and certificates (18%). Quantitative findings showed dissatisfaction with salary fairness (Mean=2.71), allowances (Mean=2.45), overtime compensation (Mean=2.38), and non-monetary benefits (Mean=2.30), although timely salary payment was highly rated (Mean=4.32). Employee performance was generally good, with high scores for punctuality (Mean=4.20), professionalism (Mean=4.05), and teamwork (Mean=3.90). Correlation analysis revealed a strong positive relationship between salary structure and employee performance (r=0.678, p<0.01). Qualitative themes included timely salary payment, inadequate remuneration, poor allowances, weak non-monetary rewards, workload challenges, teamwork, and moderate employee motivation and retention. Conclusion Salary structure has a significant and positive influence on employee performance. Recommendation The government and district authorities should review and standardize salary structures to ensure fairness, equity, and alignment with job responsibilities across all health worker cadres.
Copyright (c) 2026 Julius Baker Teriyeitu, Dr. Kevin Nwanna Uchechukwu, Edmand Bakashaba (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
On-the-job training and employee performance at the National Water and Sewerage Corporation in Mbarara City: A mixed-method cross-sectional study.
Background: The study aimed to examine the relationship between on-the-job training and employee performance at the National Water and Sewerage Corporation in Mbarara City Methodology: The study adopted a mixed-methods cross-sectional study. The study was conducted among 250 employees of the National Water and Sewerage Corporation operating in decentralized offices within Mbarara City. The sample size was determined using the Krejcie and Morgan Sampling Table, which provided a scientifically accepted method for selecting representative samples from a known population. The study employed a combination of stratified random sampling, simple random sampling, and purposive sampling to ensure that relevant and appropriate respondents were selected from the National Water and Sewerage Corporation in Mbarara City. Results: Most of the mean scores for the statements ranged between 3.99 and 4.20, which corresponds to agreement on the Likert scale. Specifically, respondents strongly agreed that new employees are assigned to experienced staff for job shadowing (Mean = 4.20) and that coaching is integrated into daily supervision (Mean = 4.15–4.17). Mean scores range between 3.92 and 4.26, reflecting agreement among respondents. Respondents strongly agree that they report to work on time (Mean = 4.24) and maintain regular attendance (Mean = 4.26). On-the-job training (r = 0.742, p < 0.01) showed a strong positive relationship with employee performance, suggesting that employees who receive more job shadowing, coaching, and mentorship tend to perform better in terms of productivity, efficiency, and quality of work. On-the-job training (β = 0.463, p < 0.05) had the strongest positive influence on employee performance. This suggests that hands-on learning, coaching, and mentoring significantly improve productivity, efficiency, and quality of work. Conclusions: The study concludes that on-the-job training has a strong and significant positive influence on employee performance. Recommendations: Ensure that supervisors are trained and equipped to effectively deliver on-the-job training.
Copyright (c) 2026 Miriel Rukundo, Dr. Kevin Nwanna Uchechukwu, Edmand Bakashaba (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Opportunities for growth and employee performance at Volunteer Efforts for Development Concerns (VEDCO). A cross-sectional study.
Background The study aimed to establish the relationship between opportunities for growth and employee performance at Volunteer Efforts for Development Concerns (VEDCO) Methodology The study adopted a mixed-methods case study and cross-sectional design to assess the relationship between remuneration and employee performance at VEDCO. A sample of 108 employees was selected from 150 staff using purposive and simple random sampling. Data collection methods included interviews, structured questionnaires, and documentary review. Research instruments were tested for validity (CVI=0.8) and reliability (Cronbach’s Alpha=0.75). Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS, while qualitative findings were analyzed thematically. Results Out of 108 questionnaires and interview schedules issued, 100 were completed and returned, giving a high response rate of 92.6%. The majority of respondents were male (58%), aged 30–39 years (42%), and held bachelor’s degrees (45%). Quantitative findings revealed that opportunities for employee growth were positively rated, particularly encouragement to attend workshops and seminars (Mean=4.17), supervisor support for skill development (Mean=4.13), and provision of training opportunities (Mean=4.09). Employee performance was generally moderate, with relatively higher scores in teamwork and communication (Mean=3.32) and commitment to organizational goals (Mean=3.30), but lower scores in initiative (Mean=2.80) and timely task completion (Mean=2.88). Qualitative themes included training and capacity building, career advancement, mentorship, teamwork, workload challenges, communication gaps, weak performance-reward linkage, and resource constraints affecting performance. Pearson correlation analysis showed a significant positive relationship between opportunities for growth and employee performance (r=0.635, p<0.01). Conclusion Opportunities for employee growth have a positive and significant influence on employee performance at VEDCO. Recommendation VEDCO should strengthen and expand opportunities for employee growth through regular training programs, structured mentorship systems, and clear career progression pathways.
Copyright (c) 2026 Esther Nabirye, Evelyn Hope Kyokunda (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Teacher rewards, teacher training, and teacher benefits in selected public primary schools in Rukungiri district. A cross-sectional study.
Background: Education is universally recognized as a key driver of individual and national development. The study examined the impact of teacher motivation and learner achievements in public primary schools in Nyakishenyi Sub-County, Rukungiri District. Specifically, it focused on the influence of teacher rewards, teacher training, and teacher benefits on pupil academic performance. Methodology: A descriptive, correlational, and cross-sectional survey design was adopted, employing a mixed-methods approach to collect both quantitative and qualitative data. The study comprised 169 respondents, drawn using stratified and purposive sampling techniques. Data were collected using questionnaires for teachers and pupils, interview guides for head teachers, and documentary review checklists. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression analysis, while qualitative data were subjected to thematic analysis. Results: The target population included 5 head teachers, 50 teachers, and 245 Primary Seven pupils from five selected primary schools. The results revealed that teacher rewards were generally scanty, with only a small proportion of teachers reporting receiving monetary incentives, promotions, leadership opportunities, or public recognition for outstanding performance due to resource constraints and administrative oversight. Many teachers reported having minimal access to pedagogical workshops, subject-specific training, assessment techniques, and technology integration programs. Conclusion: Teacher rewards significantly enhance learner academic performance and behavioral outcomes in public primary schools. Continuous teacher training is critical for improving learner outcomes and is the most influential aspect of teacher motivation. Teacher benefits are essential for sustaining motivation and indirectly improving learner academic and social outcomes. Recommendations: School administrators, education authorities, and policymakers implement consistent reward systems, support continuous teacher professional development, and provide adequate welfare and benefits to enhance teacher motivation and learner achievements.
Copyright (c) 2026 Edward Katureebe, Muhammad Sendagi, Edmand Bakashaba (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Character Development and Community Development in Rural Areas in Lwajje Sub-County, Buvuma District, Uganda. A cross-sectional study.
Background: Character development refers to the process of nurturing positive moral values and ethical behaviours such as honesty, responsibility, respect, integrity, and self-discipline. The study aims to examine the relationship between character development and community development in Lwajje Sub-County, Buvuma District. Methodology: A mixed-methods approach was utilised, combining both quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques. Quantitative methods involved structured questionnaires to gather Qualitative data collected through interviews and documentary review were analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Female respondents (53.7%) slightly outnumbered male respondents (46.3%). The majority of respondents selected Agree or Strongly Agree, with combined agreement levels ranging from 56% to 72%. Discipline and role modelling: Responses regarding discipline enforcement (Mean = 3.41) show a more divided pattern, with only about 61.4% agreement. Parents acting as role models (Mean = 3.48) attracted moderate agreement (62.8%). Responsibility, obedience, and moral guidance: The statement on taking responsibility for actions recorded a relatively lower mean (3.37), with about 58.6% agreement. Obedience in households showed stronger results (Mean = 3.66; about 69.3% agreement), reflecting continued emphasis on traditional authority structures within families. Self-control among youth (Mean = 3.33) and discouraging antisocial behaviour (Mean = 3.38) showed moderate agreement levels (around 55–57%). Values transmission and positive behaviour: Positive results were observed in areas such as hard work (Mean = 3.58), kindness and empathy (Mean = 3.52), and moral value transmission (Mean = 3.46), with agreement levels generally above 63%. Conclusion: Households that promote moral values such as honesty, respect, responsibility, and self-discipline contribute positively to improved community participation, cooperation, and social cohesion. Character development within households is a key foundation for strengthening community development outcomes in Lwajje Sub-County. Recommendations: Households should intentionally strengthen moral upbringing by consistently teaching values such as honesty, respect, responsibility, and self-discipline.
Copyright (c) 2026 Florence Nanyanzi Kabanda, Dr. Doreen Akunda, Edmand Bakashaba (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Implementation of Professional Conduct Policy Selected UPE Schools in Amudat Sub-County, Amudat district, Uganda. A cross-sectional study.
Background: School Policy Implementation plays a central role in shaping institutional practices, professional standards, and performance outcomes in educational institutions. The study aims to determine the relationship between the implementation of professional conduct policy and teacher performance in selected public primary schools in Amudat Sub-County. Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive, correlational, and cross-sectional research design to examine the relationship between School Policy Implementation and teacher performance in selected public primary schools in Amudat Sub-County, Uganda. Quantitative data collected from the structured questionnaires were coded, entered, and analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences software. Results: The majority of respondents were male (58%), while females constituted 42%. Implementation of professional conduct policies in public primary schools in Amudat Sub-County was generally low, with an overall mean score of 2.41. Most of the indicators scored below the midpoint of 3.0, suggesting that key aspects of policy implementation, such as communication, enforcement, monitoring, and training, were inadequately practised. The lowest mean scores were observed in areas such as provision of training on professional conduct policies (Mean = 2.20), regular review of policies (Mean = 2.18), and consistency in implementation (Mean = 2.25). Teacher performance in public primary schools in Amudat Sub-County is generally moderate, with an overall mean score of 2.70. There is a strong positive relationship between the implementation of professional conduct policies and teacher performance (r = 0.612, p < 0.01). Conclusion: Implementation of professional conduct policies in public primary schools in Amudat Sub-County is generally low and inconsistently enforced. Weak communication, limited supervision, and inadequate accountability mechanisms reduce the effectiveness of these policies. Recommendations: The Ministry of Education and Sports and district education authorities should strengthen the communication and dissemination of professional conduct policies to ensure all teachers clearly understand expected standards of behaviour and performance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Malika Chemasuet Mutiembu, Muhammad Sendagi, Edmand Bakashaba (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Political decentralization and social welfare of households in Ndaiga sub-county, Kagadi District, Uganda. A cross-sectional study.
Background: Political decentralization is designed to enhance household social welfare through improved citizen participation, accountability, and local service delivery. This study assessed he relationship between Political decentralization and the social welfare of households in Ndaiga sub-county, Kagadi District, Uganda. Method: The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional survey design within an embedded mixed-methods approach. Data were collected from 306 respondents (295 household heads and 11 key informants) using questionnaires, interviews, and documentary review. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS (V24) through descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. Results: Findings indicated a generally positive perception of political decentralization (overall mean = 3.57, SD = 1.05). Household social welfare was moderately improved (overall mean = 3.54, SD = 1.05), particularly in access to health services (mean = 3.71, SD = 1.00) and education (mean = 3.68, SD = 1.01), whereas income-generating opportunities remained weak (mean = 3.39, SD = 1.07). Correlation analysis revealed a strong positive and statistically significant relationship between political decentralization and household social welfare (r = 0.671, p < 0.01). Regression results showed that decentralization variables explain 61.0% of the variation in household social welfare (R² = 0.610, Adjusted R² = 0.604), with political decentralization significantly predicting welfare outcomes (β = 0.238, p < 0.001, F = 89.34, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Political decentralization has a significant but moderate positive effect on household social welfare in Ndaiga Sub- County. While it has improved access to basic services and community participation, its impact is constrained by weak accountability mechanisms and limited economic opportunities. Recommendations: Local governments should strengthen accountability and feedback systems, the central government should increase resource allocation, and community members should enhance participation in governance processes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Stephen Banakora, Dr. Muhamad Sendagi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Participation of community leaders through consultation and transport infrastructure service delivery in Kanungu District. A cross-sectional study.
Background: Effective consultations between leaders and community members are essential for participatory governance, transparency, and identification of local infrastructure priorities. The study, therefore, sought to establish the relationship between community leaders’ participation through consultations and transport infrastructure service delivery in Kanungu District. Methodology: The study adopted a correlational and cross-sectional research design using a mixed-methods approach. A sample of 159 respondents was selected from a target population of 270 stakeholders, including district leaders, technical staff, councilors, and community leaders. Data were collected using questionnaires, interviews, and documentary review. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS to generate descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression results, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. Results: There was a high response rate of 84.9%, with the majority of respondents being male (65%) and holding bachelor’s degrees (45%). The study established that community leaders’ consultations were moderately practiced in Kanungu District, particularly in identifying community priorities (Mean = 3.99) and encouraging open discussions (Mean = 3.97). However, weaknesses existed in feedback mechanisms and continuity of consultations. Transport infrastructure service delivery was rated generally poor, especially regarding road safety (Mean = 2.44), maintenance effectiveness (Mean = 2.57), and usability during rainy seasons (Mean = 2.46). Correlation analysis showed a strong positive relationship between consultations and transport infrastructure service delivery (r = 0.76, p < 0.01). Regression results further indicated that consultations significantly influenced service delivery (β = 0.36, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The study established that effective leaders’ consultations positively influence transport infrastructure service delivery by improving the identification of community needs and strengthening participation in infrastructure planning. Recommendation: Kanungu District Local Government should strengthen regular community consultation meetings at village, parish, and sub-county levels to ensure that road infrastructure priorities reflect the actual needs of residents.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kate Tumusiime, Dr. Doreen Akunda, Edmand Kabashaba (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
AFFIRMATIVE ACTION IMPLEMENTATION AND ACCESS TO UNIVERSITY EDUCATION IN HOIMA DISTRICT, UGANDA
The study examined the relationship between affirmative action implementation and access to university education in Hoima District. Specifically, the study assessed the relationship between equal employment opportunities, inclusivity, and targeted programs on access to university education. The study was guided by a correlational research design and adopted a mixed-methods approach combining both quantitative and qualitative methods. A sample of 169 respondents was selected from a population of 300, including university students, academic staff, district education officials, local government leaders, and NGO representatives. Data were collected using questionnaires, interviews, and documentary review and analyzed using SPSS and thematic analysis. The findings revealed that access to university education in Hoima District is generally low and characterized by inequalities. Descriptive results showed that respondents largely disagreed with statements related to enrollment, completion rates, infrastructure adequacy, and support for vulnerable groups. Correlation analysis indicated strong positive relationships between all study variables and access to university education: equal opportunities (r = 0.78), inclusivity (r = 0.81), and targeted programs (r = 0.76), all statistically significant at p < 0.01. Regression results further confirmed that inclusivity had the strongest influence on access, followed by equal opportunities and targeted programs. Qualitative findings supported these results, highlighting challenges such as inadequate funding, weak implementation of policies, limited infrastructure, and insufficient support for disadvantaged students. The study concluded that although affirmative action policies exist, their implementation remains weak, resulting in limited access to university education. It recommends strengthening inclusivity measures, improving equal opportunity frameworks, expanding targeted programs, and enhancing monitoring and evaluation systems to ensure equitable access to university education in Hoima District.
Copyright (c) 2026 Susan Kusemererwa, Dr. Doreen Akunda, Edmand Bakashaba (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Impact of budgeting & allocation of resources on health service delivery in Rukungiri District Local Government. A cross-sectional study.
Background. Effective budgeting and equitable allocation of resources are essential for improving accessibility, quality, and responsiveness of health services in decentralized local governments. This study examined the impact of budgeting and allocation of resources on health service delivery in Rukungiri District Local Government, Uganda. Methodology. The study adopted a correlational and cross-sectional research design using a mixed methods approach. A sample of 155 respondents was selected from a target population of 260 using the Krejcie and Morgan sampling table. Data were collected using questionnaires, interview guides, and documentary review checklists. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS through descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and regression analysis, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. Results. The findings revealed a high response rate of 90.3%. Male respondents constituted 51.4% while females accounted for 48.6%. Most respondents had between 6 and 10 years of work experience (31.4%) and possessed at least a diploma qualification. Results indicated weak budgeting and allocation practices characterized by inadequate funding, political interference, delays in budget approval, and limited stakeholder participation. Respondents also reported poor health service delivery reflected in shortages of medicines, inadequate staffing, poor infrastructure, long waiting times, and low patient satisfaction. Correlation analysis established a strong, positive, and significant relationship between budgeting and allocation of resources and health service delivery (r = 0.701, p < 0.01). Regression analysis further showed that budgeting and allocation significantly predicted health service delivery (β = 0.358, p < 0.001). Conclusion. The study indicated that weak budgeting and allocation practices negatively affect health service delivery in Rukungiri District Local Government. Recommendation. Health workers, facility in-charges, and DHMT members should be actively involved in budget formulation to improve alignment between allocated resources and actual service delivery needs.
Copyright (c) 2026 Clara Aheebwa, Dr. Muhamad Ssendagi, Edmand Bakashaba (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Capacity building and quality of health service delivery in Soroti District. A cross-sectional study.
Background The study aimed to assess the relationship between capacity building and the quality of health service delivery in Soroti District. Methodology The study adopted a descriptive and correlational mixed-methods design to examine the relationship between public health management practices and healthcare service delivery in Soroti District. A sample of 186 respondents was selected from a population of 360 using stratified random and purposive sampling techniques. Data was collected using questionnaires and interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS through descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. Ethical standards, confidentiality, informed consent, and voluntary participation were maintained. Results The study achieved an overall response rate of 88.7% from 165 respondents. Most respondents were male (55.8%), while females constituted 44.2%. The majority were aged 25–44 years (61.2%), representing the active and productive workforce. Respondents strongly agreed that capacity building improved job performance (mean = 4.21), enhanced teamwork (mean = 4.08), and improved application of skills in service delivery (mean = 4.15). Health workers were also perceived to provide professional and respectful services (mean = 4.12), while responsiveness to emergencies was rated highly (mean = 4.09). Qualitative thematic findings revealed improved professionalism, teamwork, communication, and community trust as major strengths. However, irregular training, inadequate funding, weak mentorship systems, medicine stock-outs, staffing shortages, long waiting times, and poor referral coordination emerged as key challenges affecting healthcare service delivery. Correlation analysis revealed a strong positive relationship between capacity building and healthcare service delivery (r = 0.703, p < 0.01). Conclusion Improvements in training, mentorship, and continuous professional development enhance staff competence, professionalism, and responsiveness. Recommendation The District Health Office should strengthen and institutionalize regular Continuous Professional Development programs for all health workers to ensure continuous skills upgrading.
Copyright (c) 2026 Barbara Akello Ogang, Dr. Nwanna Uchechukwu Kevin, Edmand Bakashaba (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Organizational culture and employee satisfaction at centenary bank, Mbale regional branch. A cross-sectional study.
Background: The study aimed to assess the relationship between organizational culture and employee satisfaction at Centenary Bank, Mbale regional branch. Methodology: This study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional design incorporating both quantitative and qualitative approaches to assess organizational culture and performance at Centenary Bank, Mbale City. Data were collected from 135 respondents selected using purposive, stratified, and simple random sampling methods. Questionnaires, interviews, and observation checklists were used as data collection tools. Validity was established through expert evaluation, while reliability was tested using Cronbach’s Alpha and pilot testing. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation in SPSS, whereas qualitative findings were analyzed using thematic analysis techniques. Results: Out of 135 targeted respondents, all participated, giving a response rate of 100%. Most respondents were aged 30–39 years (54%), female (65%), and bachelor’s degree holders (72%). Organizational culture strongly supported teamwork (mean=4.90), recognition (mean=4.53), communication (mean=4.20), and employee motivation (mean=4.08), while innovation received mixed responses (mean=3.00). Communication showed the strongest positive relationship with employee satisfaction (r=0.89), followed by innovation (r=0.77), recognition (r=0.66), and teamwork (r=0.56). Service delivery was highly rated in promptness (mean=4.76), customer courtesy (mean=4.76), and responsiveness to complaints (mean=4.90), although regular service improvement scored lower (mean=3.14). Key themes identified included teamwork, communication, recognition, innovation, customer care, and responsiveness. Organizational culture demonstrated a strong positive relationship with service delivery, particularly in prompt service delivery (r=0.726) and complaint response (r=0.573). Conclusion: Communication demonstrated a very strong positive relationship with employee satisfaction, with respondents highly appreciating clear expectations and effective information sharing. Recommendation: The bank management should improve communication by setting clear goals, timelines, and regular feedback to sustain employee satisfaction.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ivan Lubuye, Evelyn Hope Kyokunda (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The extent of exposure to mobile health initiatives in promoting timely initiation of antenatal care among pregnant women living with HIV in Kamuli district. A cross-sectional study
Background: Timely initiation of antenatal care (ANC) is essential for improving maternal and neonatal outcomes, particularly among pregnant women living with HIV (PWLHIV). This study assessed the extent of exposure to mHealth initiatives in promoting timely ANC initiation among PWLHIV in Kamuli District, Uganda. Methodology: A cross-sectional phenomenological qualitative study was conducted in Kamuli District among pregnant women living with HIV and health workers implementing mHealth interventions. Purposive sampling was used to select 15 pregnant women and 5 key informants. Data were collected using in-depth interviews and key informant interviews. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and thematically analyzed using Atlas.ti version 13. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained before data collection. Results: The majority were farmers/peasants (35%), housewives (30%), and small business owners (25%). Most respondents were Catholic (30%), while 40% had attained primary education. Exposure to mHealth initiatives was moderate but unequal. Awareness mainly came through health workers, radio programs, and peers. Participants reported receiving ANC appointment reminders, medication alerts, and HIV-related education through mobile phones, which encouraged earlier ANC attendance. Health worker recommendations increased trust and willingness to use mHealth services. However, barriers included poor network connectivity, limited phone ownership, low digital literacy, privacy concerns, and inconsistent or excessive messaging. Women in remote rural areas were less exposed than those living near health facilities. Conclusion: Exposure to mHealth initiatives positively contributes to the timely initiation of ANC among PWLHIV in Kamuli District by improving reminders, awareness, and access to HIV-related maternal health information. However, access remains uneven due to technological and social barriers. Recommendation: Government and partners should strengthen rural network coverage, increase community sensitization, train health workers in digital support, ensure confidentiality, and design simple SMS-based interventions tailored to women with low literacy levels.
Copyright (c) 2026 Alan Bogere, Dr. Kizito Omona (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Attitude towards human papillomavirus vaccine uptake among girls aged 9-13 years in Kyenjojo Primary School, Kyenjojo district. A cross-sectional study.
Background: In Uganda, the burden of cervical cancer has increased significantly, partly due to low uptake of preventive measures such as HPV vaccination. This study assessed attitudes towards HPV vaccine uptake among girls aged 9–13 years at Kyenjojo Primary School in Kyenjojo District. Methodology: A cross-sectional study employing quantitative methods was conducted among 70 girls aged 9–13 years. Respondents were selected using simple random sampling. Data were collected using a structured, researcher-administered questionnaire translated into Rutooro. Data were analyzed using SPSS to generate descriptive statistics, including frequencies and percentages, and results were presented in tables and charts. Ethical approval, consent, and assent were obtained prior to data collection. Results: The majority of respondents (49.3%) were aged 13 years, with most being Batoro (53%) and Protestants (40.2%). Slightly more than half (52.8%) had received the HPV vaccine, indicating moderate uptake. Most vaccinations were conducted at school (39.3%). A large proportion (85%) reported no side effects following vaccination, suggesting generally positive experiences. However, 71% of respondents did not receive health education prior to vaccination, and information sources were inconsistent, with only a small proportion obtaining information from parents (14%) and health workers (17.6%). These gaps contribute to mixed attitudes, uncertainty, and hesitancy towards vaccination. Conclusion: Attitudes towards HPV vaccination among adolescent girls are mixed, with both positive experiences and significant gaps in awareness and pre-vaccination education influencing uptake. Recommendations: There is a need for strengthened health education programs targeting adolescents, increased involvement of parents, teachers, and healthcare workers, and improved communication strategies to foster positive attitudes and enhance HPV vaccine uptake.
Copyright (c) 2026 Carolyn Ahurra, Jane Namagga Kasozi, Agnes Alupo, Olivia Sasirabo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Sex education through planning, management, and administration: a systematic review
Sexual behavior is an important aspect of human functioning that is biological, psychological, and sociological in nature. Traditionally, sexual behavior is seen as a managed activity that is related to personal, familial, and social well-being. However, current trends in sexual behavior focus on immediacy and self-expression to a greater extent than on moderation, planning, and management. The purpose of the current research was to explore the role of planning, management, and administration in adult sex education through a systematic literature review. Literature was reviewed from various sources such as Google Scholar, books, and peer-reviewed articles published between 1990 and 2025. Literature on adult sexual behavior, self-regulation, and health outcomes was reviewed, while studies on adolescence, childhood, and natural learning were excluded from the analysis. A total of 23 studies were reviewed using a literature review matrix and thematic analysis techniques. Four major themes were identified from the reviewed literature: the procreative and relational aspects of sex, the consequences of sexual excess, the lack of planning in adult sexual behavior, and the absence of administrative frameworks in sexual regulation and self-regulation. The findings suggest that unmanaged sexual behavior is related to outcomes such as fatigue, stress, relationship dynamics, and health outcomes, while planned and self-regulatory approaches to sexual behavior are related to positive outcomes such as improvements in psychological, relational, and physical well-being.
Copyright (c) 2026 Albert Byiringiro (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0